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Assessment of Dietary Patterns Represents a Potential, Yet Variable, Measure of Inflammatory Status: A Review and
Mariana C Calle1, Catherine J Andersen2
1Health Sciences Department, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA 01602, USA.
Disease Markers
|February 27, 2019
Summary
Dietary patterns can help reduce chronic inflammation linked to metabolic diseases. More research is needed to understand how whole diets impact inflammation and chronic disease risk.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Metabolic Health
- Inflammation Research
Background:
- Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation is a key risk factor for metabolic diseases like cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
- Dietary interventions represent a promising strategy for mitigating inflammation associated with these chronic conditions.
- While isolated bioactive compounds are studied, a comprehensive review of dietary patterns' anti-inflammatory effects is warranted.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence on the link between dietary patterns and low-grade systemic inflammation in the context of chronic diseases.
- To synthesize findings from human trials investigating the anti-inflammatory properties of various dietary patterns.
- To discuss the roles of isolated bioactive nutrients and functional foods within dietary patterns and considerations for future research.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of human intervention trials and observational studies.
- Analysis of evidence linking dietary patterns, defined by various indices, to inflammatory markers.
- Inclusion of data on isolated bioactive nutrients and functional foods common in anti-inflammatory diets.
Main Results:
- Observational studies show considerable variability in the relationship between healthy dietary patterns and inflammatory markers.
- Evidence on the direct impact of dietary patterns on inflammation requires further investigation through robust intervention studies.
- Isolated bioactive compounds and functional foods demonstrate anti-inflammatory potential, often components of healthy dietary patterns.
Conclusions:
- Additional intervention studies are crucial to elucidate the whole-diet effect on inflammation.
- Future research should address metabolic status, population diversity, inflammatory measurement breadth, and confounding factors like genotype and microbiome.
- Strengthening dietary recommendations for inflammation reduction and chronic disease prevention requires a comprehensive understanding of dietary patterns.
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