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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
Published on: September 21, 2021
Measuring disease activity and predicting response to intravenous immunoglobulin in chronic inflammatory
Anthony Khoo1,2, Joseph Frasca1,2, David Schultz1,2
11Department of Neurology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042 Australia.
Abstract:
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is characterised by significant clinical heterogeneity and as such reliable biomarkers are required to measure disease activity and assess treatment response. Recent advances in our understanding of disease pathogenesis and the discovery of novel serum-based, electrophysiologic and imaging biomarkers allow clinicians to make more informed decisions regarding individualised treatment regimes. As a chronic immune-mediated process typified by relapse following withdrawal of immunomodulatory therapy, a substantial proportion of patients with CIDP require long term treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), a scarce and expensive donor-derived resource. The required duration and intensity of immunoglobulin treatment vary widely between individuals, highlighting both the heterogeneous nature of the underlying disease process as well as the variable pharmacologic properties of IVIg. This review outlines the use of multimodal biomarkers in the longitudinal evaluation of nerve injury and how recent developments have impacted our ability to predict both response to immunoglobulin administration and its withdrawal.
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