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BCG related complications: A single center, prospective observational study
Tariq S Alfawaz1, Mohammed Alshehri1, Dayel Alshahrani1
1Pediatric Infectious Diseases Section, Children Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
International Journal of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
|February 27, 2019
Summary
BCG vaccine complications, primarily lymphadenitis, are usually benign and self-limiting in children. However, increased incidence of disseminated infections is noted in immunocompromised individuals receiving the BCG vaccine.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Vaccinology
- Immunology
Background:
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is widely used but can cause complications.
- Lymphadenitis is the most frequent BCG-associated complication.
- Other potential adverse events include local reactions, osteomyelitis, and disseminated infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the clinical features and outcomes of BCG vaccine-associated lymphadenitis.
- To identify risk factors and patterns of BCG-related complications.
Main Methods:
- Prospective observational study design.
- Two-year study period.
- Enrollment of 100 pediatric patients with BCG complications.
Main Results:
- 93% of patients presented with lymphadenitis, predominantly in the axillary region.
- Suppuration occurred in 55.3% of cases.
- Most cases (88%) were self-limiting, with nodes resolving between 8-168 weeks.
- Disseminated disease occurred in only 3% of patients, primarily in those with immunodeficiency.
Conclusions:
- BCG-related lymphadenitis is generally a benign condition with a high rate of spontaneous resolution.
- A heightened awareness of BCG vaccine's association with severe disseminated infections in immunocompromised children is warranted.
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