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Soil granular dynamics on-a-chip: fluidization inception under scrutiny.

Morgane Houssais1, Charles Maldarelli, Jeffrey F Morris

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This study uses a microfluidic chip to observe soil deformation, revealing particle rearrangement and bed compaction even below fluidization conditions. Channel formation and coexistence of compacting/dilating scenarios were observed, improving sediment dynamics models.

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Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Granular Matter Physics

Background:

  • Predicting soil evolution is challenging due to complex granular matter and suspension dynamics.
  • Understanding sediment behavior under fluid flow is crucial for various environmental and engineering applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate particle-scale deformation and dynamics in a large-grained sediment bed under controlled fluid flow.
  • To analyze sediment behavior near fluidization conditions and identify key factors influencing instability.
  • To enhance models for both slow sediment dynamics and rapid destabilization events.

Main Methods:

  • A novel two-dimensional microfluidic chip experiment was designed to simulate sediment beds.
  • Experiments were conducted with large-grained sediment where friction dominates over cohesive and thermal forces.
  • Particle motion, void size population, and trajectory statistics were detected and analyzed across a range of flow rates.

Main Results:

  • Particle rearrangement and net bed compaction were observed at flow rates below the instability criterion.
  • A critical flow rate was identified, above which vertical channel formation and propagation across the bed occurred.
  • Both compacting and dilating bed scenarios were observed to coexist within the channelization flow rate range.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides crucial insights into sediment dynamics, particularly near fluidization thresholds.
  • Observed phenomena like particle rearrangement and channelization enhance the capacity for modeling sediment bed evolution.
  • Microfluidic soil-on-a-chip approaches offer new possibilities for studying complex porous medium interactions.