Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
09:29

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model

Published on: March 20, 2020

18.8K

CDK 4/6 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: Current Controversies and Future Directions

Laura M Spring1, Seth A Wander1, Mark Zangardi1

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Lawrence House 304, 10 North Grove St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.

Current Oncology Reports
|February 27, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

CDK 4/6 inhibitors are crucial for hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer (HR+ MBC). Ongoing research addresses optimal sequencing, resistance mechanisms, and survival benefits for these vital treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer (HR+ MBC) remains a significant clinical challenge.
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors represent a major advancement in HR+ MBC treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical utility of CDK 4/6 inhibitors in HR+ MBC.
  • To discuss current controversies and emerging research directions in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical data and research on CDK 4/6 inhibitors.
  • Analysis of treatment guidelines and ongoing clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are approved for HR+ MBC, improving therapeutic management.
  • Key questions involve upfront vs. later-line CDK 4/6 inhibitor use and overall survival impact.

Conclusions:

  • CDK 4/6 inhibitors have transformed HR+ MBC treatment paradigms.
  • Further research is essential to optimize sequencing, understand resistance, and develop novel strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Keywords:
AbemaciclibClinical trialsCyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6Metastatic breast cancerPalbociclibResistance mechanismsRibociclib

More Related Videos

Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer07:45

Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer

Published on: May 18, 2020

7.0K
Modeling Breast Cancer in Human Breast Tissue using a Microphysiological System10:51

Modeling Breast Cancer in Human Breast Tissue using a Microphysiological System

Published on: April 23, 2021

4.6K

Related Concept Videos

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
644
Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
1.5K
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
6.0K
S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of...
5.6K
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
6.5K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
11.0K