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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
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Radial System Protection01:23

Radial System Protection

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Radial systems employ time-delay overcurrent relays to reduce load interruptions. When a fault occurs, the nearest breaker opens first, while upstream breakers remain closed due to longer delay settings. This approach ensures minimal disruption to the rest of the system.
In a radial system with a fault downstream of the third breaker, ideally, only the third breaker will open, isolating the fault and interrupting the load connected beyond it. The second breaker has a longer delay setting,...
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Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi...
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Assessment of radial pulse01:11

Assessment of radial pulse

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Assessment of Radial Pulse
The radial pulse, located at the wrist, is often the preferred site for assessing peripheral pulse because of its accessibility and dependability. The process of determining the radial pulse involves several steps:
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Assessment of apical radial pulse01:25

Assessment of apical radial pulse

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Apical-Radial (A-R) Pulse Assessment
The A-R pulse assessment involves simultaneous evaluation of the apical and radial pulses. When the apical and radial pulse rates vary, this assessment helps identify a pulse deficit.
Pre-Procedural Preparation
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction
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Three-Surface Reconstruction Using Single De-Epithelialized Radial Forearm Free Flap.

Jangyoun Choi1, Hyuk Joon Choi, Kyo Joon Kang

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|February 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a modified radial forearm flap technique for reconstructing multiple, distant head and neck defects. This versatile flap offers a viable surgical option for complex facial, orbital, or scalp reconstructions.

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Area of Science:

  • Reconstructive surgery
  • Head and neck oncology
  • Plastic surgery

Background:

  • Multiple, distant defects in head and neck cancer often pose reconstruction challenges.
  • Conventional methods like single flaps with skin grafts or multiple flaps may be limited by recipient site conditions or donor site availability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a modified radial forearm flap technique for addressing multiple and distant head and neck defects.
  • To evaluate the utility of this flap for complex reconstructions involving the face, neck, orbit, or scalp.

Main Methods:

  • A large radial forearm flap was vertically inset to cover multiple facial defects.
  • The flap was tunneled to reconstruct adjacent neck defects.
  • The flap's extended dimensions facilitated reconstruction of extensive or multiple defect areas.

Main Results:

  • The modified radial forearm flap successfully reconstructed multiple and distant defects in the head and neck region.
  • The technique allowed for simultaneous reconstruction of facial defects with adjacent neck, orbital, or scalp areas.
  • This approach offers a single-flap solution for complex reconstructive needs.

Conclusions:

  • The modified radial forearm flap is a valuable surgical option for complex head and neck reconstructions.
  • This technique provides a versatile solution for patients with multiple and distant defects, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.