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Amphetamine does not affect the partial punishment effect (PPE).

I Weiner, H Bercovitz, J Feldon

    Psychopharmacology
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Amphetamine did not alter the partial punishment effect (PPE) in animals trained with intermittent footshocks. This suggests amphetamine does not impact persistence in situations with unpredictable negative consequences.

    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral Neuroscience
    • Psychopharmacology
    • Animal Behavior

    Background:

    • The partial punishment effect (PPE) describes increased persistence in a task when a punishment (footshock) is inconsistently applied during training.
    • Amphetamine is a stimulant known to affect motivation and behavior, but its influence on the PPE is not well-understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of dl-amphetamine on the partial punishment effect (PPE) in a rodent model.
    • To determine if amphetamine administration during training or testing phases influences behavioral persistence under partial punishment.

    Main Methods:

    • Two groups of animals were trained in a straight alley: one with continuous reinforcement (CRF) and another with partial punishment (PP) involving intermittent footshocks.
    • dl-Amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg) was administered using a 2x2 design, with drug or no drug during training and testing phases.

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  • Behavioral persistence was measured by the animals' continued running to the goal box during the test phase.

    • Main Results:

    • Partially punished animals demonstrated significantly increased persistence in running to the goal box during the test phase compared to continuously reinforced animals.
    • Administration of dl-amphetamine during either training or testing did not significantly alter this established partial punishment effect.
    • The observed behavioral persistence associated with partial punishment remained robust despite amphetamine exposure.

    Conclusions:

    • The partial punishment effect, characterized by enhanced persistence, is a stable behavioral phenomenon in this experimental paradigm.
    • Amphetamine, at the tested dosage, does not appear to modulate the behavioral persistence associated with partial punishment.
    • These findings suggest that amphetamine's effects on motivated behavior may not extend to situations involving unpredictable aversive stimuli.