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Related Concept Videos

Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

48.3K
In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:16

Lewis Acids and Bases

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This lesson delves into Lewis acids and bases in the context of the octet rule for electron-deficient compounds. Here, the concept is discussed, emphasizing the group 13 elements like boron or aluminium. Since group 13 elements possess three valence electrons, they form trivalent compounds with a sextet of electrons and a vacant orbital for the central atom. Consequently, these electron-deficient compounds accept electrons from other species to complete their octet in a chemical reaction. They...
17.1K
Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule02:36

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule

80.5K
Chemical bonds are complex interactions between two or more atoms or ions, which reduce the potential energy of the molecule. Gilbert N. Lewis developed a model called the Lewis model that simplified the depiction of chemical bond formation and provided straightforward explanations for the chemical bonds seen in most common compounds.
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Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures02:46

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

61.2K
Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
61.2K
Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

45.1K
To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
45.1K
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

217.9K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
09:33

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: July 28, 2013

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Diffuse Lewy body disease.

Yu Wei Lin1, Daniel Truong2

  • 1Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|February 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a progressive dementia characterized by cognitive decline, hallucinations, and parkinsonism. Diagnosis involves specific imaging and pathology, with cholinesterase inhibitors recommended for treatment.

Keywords:
Diffuse Lewy body diseaseLewy bodyParkinson's disease dementiaREM sleep behavior disorderSNCA

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5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
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5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat

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Characterizing Lewis Pairs Using Titration Coupled with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy
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Characterizing Lewis Pairs Using Titration Coupled with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
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Characterizing Lewis Pairs Using Titration Coupled with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy
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Characterizing Lewis Pairs Using Titration Coupled with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
  • Key features include dementia, cognitive fluctuations, visual hallucinations, parkinsonism, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD).
  • Pathologically, DLB involves misfolded alpha-synuclein aggregates in the central and autonomic nervous systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).
  • To discuss diagnostic techniques, genetic factors, and differential diagnosis from Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD).
  • To outline current and emerging treatment strategies for DLB.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical features, diagnostic tools (dopamine transporter imaging, MIBG scintigraphy, polysomnography), and genetic mutations (SNCA, GBA, APOE).
  • Analysis of differentiating factors between DLB and PDD.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.

Main Results:

  • DLB presents with a distinct constellation of dementia and motor symptoms.
  • Diagnostic confirmation relies on clinical assessment, specific imaging modalities, and pathological findings.
  • Cholinesterase inhibitors are first-line treatment for dementia and psychosis in DLB.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis and differentiation from PDD are crucial for effective management.
  • Current treatments focus on symptomatic relief, with ongoing research into novel therapies.
  • Management requires a multidisciplinary approach addressing cognitive, psychiatric, and motor symptoms.