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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Correction: Walewicz et al. Effect of Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Pain Intensity, Functional Efficiency, and Postural Control Parameters in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. <i>J. Clin. Med.</i> 2020, <i>9</i>, 568.

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Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
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Stem cells: past, present, and future.

Wojciech Zakrzewski1, Maciej Dobrzyński2, Maria Szymonowicz3

  • 1Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, Wrocław, 50-345, Poland. tekwoj@hotmail.com.

Stem Cell Research & Therapy
|February 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell therapy offers promising treatments for diseases. This review covers stem cell discovery, culturing, quality control, and innovative therapies like graphene scaffolds and extracellular vesicles.

Keywords:
DifferentiationGrowth mediaInduced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)PluripotencyStem cell derivationStem cellsTeratoma formation assayTissue banksTissue transplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Stem cell therapy is a rapidly advancing field with significant potential for treating various diseases.
  • Recent research has focused on discovering diverse stem cell types and developing novel therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and laboratory processes of stem cells.
  • To explore potential stem cell-based therapies, including advanced applications.
  • To identify challenges hindering the global acceptance of stem cell therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on stem cell genesis, culturing, and derivation.
  • Analysis of quality control methods such as teratoma formation assays.
  • Examination of stem cell differentiation protocols and culturing media.
  • Evaluation of emerging therapeutic strategies, including graphene scaffolds and extracellular vesicle-based therapies.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell culturing and derivation require precise control over environmental conditions.
  • Quality control assays are essential for assessing stem cell properties and safety.
  • Graphene scaffolds and extracellular vesicles represent promising versatile therapeutic platforms.
  • Significant challenges remain in the widespread clinical adoption and standardization of stem cell therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell therapy holds transformative potential for modern medicine, offering hope for previously untreatable conditions.
  • Continued research into stem cell biology, therapeutic applications, and overcoming regulatory hurdles is crucial for clinical translation.