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Assessment of alcohol consumption in depression follow-up using self-reports and blood measures including
Mari Archer1, Olli Kampman2,3, Aini Bloigu4
1University of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Tampere, Finland.
Aims:
Alcohol consumption has been suggested a major role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of depression. However, reliable identification of hazardous drinking continues to be problematic. We compared the accuracy of different biomarkers and self-reports of alcohol consumption in the follow-up study of depression.
Methods:
Data from 202 patients with major depressive disorder were obtained through self-reports, AUDIT and AUDIT-C questionnaires and biomarker analyses. The clinical assessments and measurements of biomarkers (GT, CDT, GT-CDT-combination, MCV, ALT, AST, hs-CRP, IL-6) were performed at baseline and after six months of treatment. Based on self-reported alcohol intake at baseline the patients were classified to three subgroups.
Results:
About 27.2% of patients were categorized to high-risk drinkers, 26.3% low-risk drinkers and 46.5% abstainers. High-risk drinkers showed significantly higher mean values of GT, CDT, GT-CDT-combination and IL-6 than abstainers, diagnostic accuracy being highest with the combined marker of GT-CDT. The accuracy of AUDIT and AUDIT-C to detect high-risk drinking was also significant. During follow-up, the differences observed in the biomarkers at baseline disappeared together with recovery from depression.
Conclusions:
Our data suggest the combined use of GT-CDT and AUDIT questionnaires to improve the identification of drinking of patients with depression. This approach could be useful for improving treatment adherence and outcome in depressed patients.
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