A new iridoid diglycoside from Sambucus ebulus L

Area of Science:

• Phytochemistry
• Natural Products Chemistry
• Organic Chemistry

Background:

• Sambucus ebulus L. (European elder) is a plant with a history of traditional medicinal use.
• Iridoid glycosides are a significant class of secondary metabolites found in various plants, often exhibiting diverse biological activities.
• Previous phytochemical studies on Sambucus species have identified various compounds, but detailed analysis of polar constituents from S. ebulus leaves is ongoing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a detailed phytochemical investigation of the polar constituents present in Sambucus ebulus L. leaves.
• To isolate and identify known and potentially novel compounds from the leaf extracts.
• To elucidate the chemical structures of the isolated compounds using advanced spectroscopic techniques.

Main Methods:

• Extraction of polar constituents from Sambucus ebulus L. leaves.
• Isolation and purification of compounds using chromatographic techniques.
• Structure elucidation of isolated compounds through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry (MS).

Main Results:

• Identification of patrinoside (compound 1), a known iridoid glycoside.
• Isolation and characterization of a new diglycoside iridoid, sambuloside (compound 2), which is the 11-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2'-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside] derivative of a patrinoside aglycone.
• Confirmation of the structures of both compounds using comprehensive spectroscopic data (NMR and MS).

Conclusions:

• The phytochemical examination of Sambucus ebulus leaves has successfully identified known and a novel iridoid glycoside.
• The structural characterization of sambuloside expands the knowledge of iridoid glycosides in the Sambucus genus.
• These findings contribute to the understanding of the chemical diversity of Sambucus ebulus and may provide a basis for further pharmacological investigations.