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The deep continental subsurface: the dark biosphere.

Cristina Escudero1, Mónica Oggerin1,2, Ricardo Amils3,4

  • 1Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.

International Microbiology : the Official Journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology
|February 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Systematic exploration of the deep continental subsurface is needed. Microbial life decreases with depth, with Bacteria dominating Archaea, highlighting the need for further geomicrobiological studies.

Keywords:
Dark biosphereDeep subsurface drillingFluorescence in situ hybridizationGeomicrobiologySLiME

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Area of Science:

  • Geomicrobiology
  • Deep Subsurface Microbiology

Background:

  • Information on geomicrobiological drilling studies is limited.
  • Subsurface data is often obtained through various methods with limitations.
  • Microbial life generally decreases in number and diversity with increasing depth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the need for systematic exploration of the deep continental subsurface.
  • To highlight current limitations in subsurface data acquisition.
  • To call for a comprehensive catalog of deep subsurface microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing geomicrobiological drilling data.
  • Review of data from various subterranean "windows" (e.g., boreholes, mines).
  • Identification of dominant microbial phyla (Bacteria and Archaea) at different depths.

Main Results:

  • The abundance of Bacteria generally exceeds that of Archaea in the subsurface.
  • Commonly detected bacterial phyla include Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes.
  • Methanogens are frequently detected within Archaea in analyzed subsurface samples.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic exploration of the deep continental subsurface, akin to ocean drilling initiatives, is warranted.
  • Further research is required to resolve the origin of energy sources (endogenous vs. photosynthetic).
  • Enhanced depth resolution is crucial for cataloging deep subsurface microbiota and their metabolic capabilities (electron acceptors/donors).