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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.7K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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4.8K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

7.0K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
7.0K
Transcription01:10

Transcription

156.1K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
156.1K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.8K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

8.9K

Transcription factor Sp4 is required for hyperalgesic state persistence.

Kayla Sheehan1, Jessica Lee1, Jillian Chong1

  • 1Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.

Plos One
|February 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The transcription factor Sp4 is crucial for maintaining chronic pain states. Reducing Sp4 levels in mice prevented the development of persistent pain hypersensitivity in multiple models, suggesting Sp4 is a key target for pain management.

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Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Persistent pain states are a significant clinical challenge.
  • Changes in nociceptor (pain-sensing neuron) gene expression can prolong pain.
  • Transcription factor Sp4 regulates the pain channel TRPV1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the broader role of Sp4 in the development and persistence of pain hypersensitivity.
  • To determine if Sp4 is a critical control point for genes involved in chronic pain.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetically modified mice (Sp4+/-) with a 50% reduction in Sp4.
  • Administered capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) to assess neuronal responses.
  • Induced pain models including inflammatory hyperalgesia (carrageenan), nerve growth factor (NGF) injection, and oxaliplatin treatment.
  • Assessed thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity, and hindpaw swelling.

Main Results:

  • Sp4+/- mice showed reduced DRG TRPV1 mRNA and neuronal responses to capsaicin.
  • Sp4+/- mice did not develop persistent inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia or mechanical hypersensitivity to NGF.
  • Sp4+/- mice failed to develop persistent cold or mechanical hypersensitivity to oxaliplatin.
  • Hindpaw swelling in response to carrageenan was similar in Sp4+/- and wild-type mice.

Conclusions:

  • Sp4 plays a critical role in the persistence of multiple pain hypersensitive states.
  • Sp4 acts as a central regulator for a network of genes contributing to chronic pain.
  • Targeting Sp4 may offer a strategy to prevent or reverse chronic pain.