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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
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Controlling Epithelial Polarity: A Human Enteroid Model for Host-Pathogen Interactions.

Julia Y Co1, Mar Margalef-Català1, Xingnan Li2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Cell Reports
|February 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed "apical-out" enteroids, a novel model for studying gastrointestinal (GI) health and disease. This model allows better access to the epithelial surface, revealing new insights into pathogen interactions with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).

Keywords:
ListeriaSalmonellaapicobasal polaritybacterial infectionepithelial organoidsgastrointestinal modelhost-pathogen interactionshuman enteroidsintestinal epithelial cells

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Microbiology
  • Cell Biology and Host-Pathogen Interactions

Background:

  • Human enteroids are valuable models for studying pathogen-epithelial interactions in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Accessing the apical surface of enteroids is challenging due to their spheroid structure, limiting research on apical-specific interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel technique to reverse enteroid polarity, exposing the apical surface for enhanced study.
  • To utilize this "apical-out" enteroid model to investigate host-pathogen interactions with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).

Main Methods:

  • Developed a technique to reverse the polarity of human enteroids, creating "apical-out" enteroids.
  • Assessed the polarity, barrier function, differentiation capacity, and nutrient absorption of the modified enteroids.
  • Used the apical-out enteroids to model infections by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes.

Main Results:

  • Apical-out enteroids successfully maintained polarity, barrier function, differentiated into major IEC types, and exhibited polarized nutrient absorption.
  • Distinct polarity-specific infection patterns were identified for Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes.
  • Both pathogens were observed to exit the epithelium within apically extruding enteroid cells, despite different invasion mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The apical-out enteroid model provides improved access to the apical epithelial surface for studying host-pathogen dynamics.
  • This model facilitates the examination of distinct invasion and exit strategies of pathogens like Salmonella and Listeria.
  • The developed model offers a valuable tool for further research into intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) functions in health and disease.