First Report of a Geminivirus Inducing Yellow Mottle in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Mexico

Okra is an annual vegetable species native to Africa. In Mexico, the states of Tamaulipas, Guerrero, and Morelos contain the most important okra-producing areas. Viral-like diseases have recently affected the fruit production. In the field, the most common symptoms encountered include yellow streak, distortion of fruits, and foliar yellow mottle. Total DNA extracts from symptomatic okra plants were used as a template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection using begomovirus-specific primers. RepMot and CPMot primers (1) were used for the amplification of DNA fragments that included the Rep and coat protein (CP) genes of begomoviruses. PCR results suggested the presence of a begomovirus in symptomatic plants. Southern and dot blot hybridization analysis were performed using a DNA fragment containing the CP gene of Pepper huasteco virus as a probe. Hybridization conducted under low stringency conditions confirmed the presence of a geminivirus. Additionally, transmission by grafting and biolistic (total DNA extracts from symptomatic plants) inoculations induced consistently severe streak fruits and yellow mottle symptoms in okra plants. Cloning of the PCR products (approximately 632-bp fragment) was performed in the PCRTopo vector (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA). Cloned viral inserts were sequenced (Genbank Accession No. AF349113). Nucleotide sequence comparisons were performed using the Clustal Method (MegAlign, DNAStar software, Madison, WI) with the GenBank database. Analysis of the PCR products confirmed the begomovirus nature of the sequence. The first 64 amino acids of the CP had 89% identity with Squash leaf curl virus while the intergenic region had 85% identity with Sida golden mosaic virus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a begomovirus infecting okra in Mexico. Reference: 1) J. T. Ascencio et al. Plant Dis. 86:692, 2002.