Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Fabrication of Mechanically Tunable and Bioactive Metal Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications
Published on: December 8, 2015
Microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and enhanced bioactivity of Ti-13Nb-13Zr based calcium pyrophosphate
HongYan Hu1, Lei Zhang2, ZhengYuan He3
1Department of pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China.
Abstract:
The present study reports the results of the microstructure, mechanical properties and in vitro bioactivity of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr based composite with 10 wt% CPP (calcium pyrophosphate), densified using spark plasma sintering process (SPS) at different sintering temperatures (900-1200 °C). The results show that the sintered composites mainly consist of β-Ti, α-Ti, and ceramic interphases (Ti2O, CaTiO3, CaZrO3, CaO, TixPy). With the sintering temperature increasing, α-Ti and ceramic interphases gradually increase, and relative density, elastic modulus, compressive strength and yield strength of the composites also reveal an increasing tendency. However, Ti-13Nb-13Zr-10CPP composite sintered at 1000 °C exhibits high matching elastic modulus (46 GPa) and compressive strength (1617 MPa) due to uniform structure and high density. In addition, in vitro mineralization assays demonstrate the apatite-forming ability of the composite (1000 °C) and its higher surface bioactivity as compared to the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy. Furthermore, ROS1728 osteoblast culture evidences that the composite (1000 °C) stimulates cell adhesion and growth due to the pore characteristics and ceramic interphases. Therefore, the prepared Ti-13Nb-13Zr-10CPP composite at 1000 °C exhibits immense potential as a biomedical material.
Related Concept Videos
The Evidence for Evolution
Convergent Evolution
Classifying Matter by Composition
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures.
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated.
A mixture is composed of two or...
Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations
The α0 and α1 values...
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
Eukaryotic Evolution
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...

