Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Scientific Method in Nursing Process01:18

The Scientific Method in Nursing Process

17.5K
The scientific method provides the foundation for any research. It is the most reliable and objective of all forms of gaining knowledge and guides in applying research-based evidence in practice and conducting future research.
When using research findings to change practice, one must understand the process used to guide a study. The scientific method is a systematic, step-by-step process that supports the data's validity, reliability, and generalizability. As a result, findings can be...
17.5K
Effects of EDTA on End-Point Detection Methods01:18

Effects of EDTA on End-Point Detection Methods

660
Different methods, such as visual observance of metal-ion indicators, spectroscopic techniques, and potentiometric methods, can determine the endpoint of an EDTA titration.
In the visual method, metal-ion indicators (metallochromic dyes), which have distinct colors in their free and complex forms, are added to the mixture to signal the titration's end point. They form stable complexes with metal ions, but these complexes are weaker than the corresponding metal–EDTA complexes. As a...
660
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

29.7K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
29.7K
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

166.1K
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
166.1K
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.9K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.9K
General Properties of Solutions02:12

General Properties of Solutions

35.7K
Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
35.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characterization and Optimization of Injectable In Situ Crosslinked Chitosan-Genipin Hydrogels.

Macromolecular bioscience·2023
Same author

A systematic review on the kappa opioid receptor and its ligands: New directions for the treatment of pain, anxiety, depression, and drug abuse.

European journal of medicinal chemistry·2022
Same author

Development of Responsive Chitosan-Genipin Hydrogels for the Treatment of Wounds.

ACS applied bio materials·2022
Same author

Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels with Tailorable Surface and Mechanical Properties for Tissue Engineering Applications.

ACS biomaterials science & engineering·2021
Same author

Poly (ethylene glycol) hydrogel scaffolds with multiscale porosity for culture of human adipose-derived stem cells.

Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition·2019
Same author

Poly (ethylene glycol) hydrogel elasticity influences human mesenchymal stem cell behavior.

Regenerative biomaterials·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications
05:26

Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Published on: April 13, 2022

4.0K

Effects of post-processing methods on chitosan-genipin hydrogel properties.

Abitha M Heimbuck1, Tyler R Priddy-Arrington1, Benjamin J Sawyer2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA.

Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications
|March 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Drying techniques significantly impact chitosan hydrogel structure and porosity. Lyophilization, compared to air-drying, creates larger pores and increases swelling, crucial for applications like drug delivery and tissue regeneration.

Keywords:
ChitosanESEMGenipinHydrogelsLyophilization

More Related Videos

A Freeze-Thawing Method to Prepare Chitosan-Polyvinyl alcohol Hydrogels Without Crosslinking Agents and Diflunisal Release Studies
08:59

A Freeze-Thawing Method to Prepare Chitosan-Polyvinyl alcohol Hydrogels Without Crosslinking Agents and Diflunisal Release Studies

Published on: January 14, 2020

19.1K
Preparation of Chitosan-based Injectable Hydrogels and Its Application in 3D Cell Culture
08:05

Preparation of Chitosan-based Injectable Hydrogels and Its Application in 3D Cell Culture

Published on: September 29, 2017

20.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications
05:26

Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Published on: April 13, 2022

4.0K
A Freeze-Thawing Method to Prepare Chitosan-Polyvinyl alcohol Hydrogels Without Crosslinking Agents and Diflunisal Release Studies
08:59

A Freeze-Thawing Method to Prepare Chitosan-Polyvinyl alcohol Hydrogels Without Crosslinking Agents and Diflunisal Release Studies

Published on: January 14, 2020

19.1K
Preparation of Chitosan-based Injectable Hydrogels and Its Application in 3D Cell Culture
08:05

Preparation of Chitosan-based Injectable Hydrogels and Its Application in 3D Cell Culture

Published on: September 29, 2017

20.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Biopolymer hydrogels offer biomimetic properties for drug delivery and tissue regeneration.
  • Hydrogel functionality is strongly linked to its material structure, influenced by processing.
  • Understanding drying effects on hydrogel physical properties is critical for optimizing performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of air-drying and lyophilization on genipin crosslinked chitosan hydrogel physical structure.
  • To evaluate how different freezing methods (flash-frozen vs. step-down frozen) prior to lyophilization affect hydrogel morphology.
  • To correlate drying techniques and chitosan molecular weight with hydrogel porosity and swelling behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized chitosan-genipin hydrogels using 15 kDa or 50-190 kDa chitosan.
  • Applied post-synthesis drying techniques: air-drying (AD), flash-frozen (FF) followed by lyophilization, and step-down frozen (SD) followed by lyophilization.
  • Characterized hydrogel microstructure using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and assessed swelling ratios.

Main Results:

  • ESEM revealed larger microscale pores in step-down frozen (SD) lyophilized samples compared to flash-frozen (FF) lyophilized samples.
  • Both lyophilization methods induced micropores (9-400 μm) in the hydrogel structure.
  • Lyophilized hydrogels exhibited a five-fold increase in swelling ratio compared to air-dried hydrogels, irrespective of chitosan molecular weight.

Conclusions:

  • Post-synthesis drying technique is a critical factor influencing chitosan hydrogel porosity and swelling.
  • Lyophilization significantly alters hydrogel morphology, enhancing porosity and swelling capacity.
  • These findings are essential for tailoring chitosan hydrogel properties for specific biomedical applications.