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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Initiation of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma by Targeting of the Ductal Epithelium with Adenovirus-Cre: A Novel Transgenic Mouse Model of Breast Cancer
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Initiation of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma by Targeting of the Ductal Epithelium with Adenovirus-Cre: A Novel Transgenic Mouse Model of Breast Cancer

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Low-Frequency Mutational Heterogeneity of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Subtypes: Information to Direct Precision

Meagan B Myers1, Karen L McKim2, Malathi Banda3

  • 1Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. meagan.myers@fda.hhs.gov.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Low-frequency cancer driver mutations (CDMs) are common in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs). These mutations contribute to tumor heterogeneity and may affect treatment response, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Keywords:
PIK3CATNBCbreast cancercancer-driverheterogeneityinvasive ductal carcinomamutationsubclonaltriple-negative breast cancer

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