[Wnt Signaling and Skeletal Dysplasias.]

Identification of responsible genes for skeletal dysplasias evidences their critical roles in the skeletal development and maintenance. Mutations in the genes encoding the components of Wnt canonical pathway, which include WNT1, LRP5, LRP4, SOST and WTX, cause the disorders characterized by abnormal in bone mass. On the other hand, mutations in the genes for the components of Wnt non-canonical pathway such as WNT5A, ROR2, DVL1 and DVL3 are associated with dysmorphic skeletal disorders which manifest short limbs and facial anomalies. Thus, both canonical and non-canonical pathways of Wnt signaling play substantial roles in the human skeletons, and it is suggested that the former mainly controls bone mass while the latter regulates skeletal morphogenesis.