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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Human intelligence and its psychological underpinnings are complex and debated.
  • While executive functions like working memory are linked to intelligence, a core process remains unidentified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test a cognitive control model of intellectual ability.
  • To examine the association between cognitive control, general intelligence (fluid and crystallized), and working memory.

Main Methods:

  • Cognitive control was measured using a perceptual decision-making task and the Attention Network Test.
  • General intelligence (fluid intelligence - Gf, crystallized intelligence - Gc) was assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
  • Working memory was evaluated via N-back and complex span tasks.
  • Structural equation modeling analyzed the relationships among these constructs.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive control significantly correlated with working memory, sharing substantial variance.
  • Both cognitive control and working memory showed strong associations with fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc).
  • The association was notably stronger between cognitive control and fluid intelligence (Gf).

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive control acts as a core construct within executive functions.
  • It substantially contributes to general intellectual ability, with a pronounced effect on fluid intelligence.