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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Annotation of Plant Gene Function via Combined Genomics, Metabolomics and Informatics
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Vgas: A Viral Genome Annotation System.

Kai-Yue Zhang1, Yi-Zhou Gao1, Meng-Ze Du1

  • 1Centre for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|March 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vgas is a new viral gene finder that improves gene prediction accuracy, especially for small viral genomes. It combines ab initio and similarity-based methods for better viral genome analysis and annotation.

Keywords:
Vgasfunction annotationjoint application of multiple programsnovel genesvirus gene prediction

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Accurate viral gene identification is crucial for understanding and treating viral infections.
  • The increasing volume of viral sequencing data necessitates advanced gene-finding tools.
  • Existing gene prediction systems may have limitations, particularly with smaller viral genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate Vgas, a novel system for automatic viral gene finding and function annotation.
  • To compare Vgas performance against established gene prediction programs.
  • To assess the utility of Vgas for analyzing diverse viral genomes, including small ones.

Main Methods:

  • Vgas integrates ab initio and similarity-based approaches for gene prediction.
  • Performance was evaluated using 5,705 virus genomes from RefSeq.
  • Vgas includes a module for gene function annotation via BLASTp alignment.

Main Results:

  • Vgas demonstrated superior average precision and recall compared to Prodigal, GeneMarkS, and Glimmer.
  • Vgas showed significantly improved performance on small viral genomes (≤ 10 kb).
  • Combining Vgas with other tools yielded better prediction results than individual programs.

Conclusions:

  • Vgas is a highly effective tool for viral gene prediction and annotation, outperforming existing methods.
  • Vgas offers significant advantages for analyzing small viral genomes.
  • Collaborative use of Vgas with other gene finders presents a promising strategy for enhanced viral genome analysis.