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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique
Published on: April 1, 2022
Touch on predefined areas on the forearm can be associated with specific fingers: Towards a new principle for sensory
Ulrika Wijk1, Pamela Svensson, Christian Antfolk
1Department of Translational Medicine, Hand Surgery, Lund University, 20205 Malmö, Sweden. ulrika.wijk@med.lu.se.
Objective:
Currently available hand prostheses lack sensory feedback. A "phantom hand map", a referred sensation, on the skin of the residual arm is a possible target to provide amputees with non-invasive somatotopically matched sensory feedback. How-ever, not all amputees experience a phantom hand map. The aim of this study was to explore whether touch on predefined areas on the forearm can be associated with specific fingers.
Design:
A longitudinal cohort study.
Subjects:
A total of 31 able-bodied individuals.
Methods:
A "tactile display" was developed consisting of 5 servo motors, which provided the user with mechanotactile stimulus. Predefined pressure points on the volar aspect of the forearm were stimulated during a 2-week structured training period.
Results:
Agreement between the stimulated areas and the subjects' ability to discriminate the stimulation was high, with a distinct improvement up to the third training occasion, after which the kappa score stabilized for the rest of the period.
Conclusion:
It is possible to associate touch on intact skin on the forearm with specific fingers after a structured training period, and the effect persisted after 2 weeks. These results may be of importance for the development of non-invasive sensory feedback systems in hand prostheses.
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