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Updated: Jan 28, 2026
Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Published on: June 16, 2014
Difference in SBP between arms is a predictor of chronic kidney disease development in the general Korean population
Insights
An increased inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference (IASBPD) is linked to a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). This finding highlights IASBPD as a potential early indicator for kidney disease in the general population.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- An elevated inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference (IASBPD) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality.
- IASBPD is often associated with peripheral vascular disease, particularly subclavian stenosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between IASBPD and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- To evaluate IASBPD as a predictor for incident CKD in the Korean population.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study involving 8780 Korean adults without baseline CKD.
- Bilateral blood pressure was measured, with IASBPD defined as a difference of at least 15 mmHg.
- CKD incidence was monitored over a mean follow-up of 8.5 years.
Main Results:
- Patients with IASBPD had a significantly higher incidence of CKD (16.5%) compared to those without (12.6%).
- IASBPD was independently associated with incident CKD (HR: 1.336, P=0.007), a finding that remained robust after adjusting for confounders (HR: 1.275, P=0.024).
Conclusions:
- Increased IASBPD is an independent predictor of incident CKD.
- Measuring IASBPD may aid in identifying individuals at higher risk for developing chronic kidney disease.
Objective:
An increased inter-arm SBP difference (IASBPD) is associated with mortality and cardiovascular events, as well as peripheral vascular disease, which is attributed to subclavian stenosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the IASBPD and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Korean population.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was performed on 8780 Korean adults without baseline CKD. The bilateral blood pressure was measured sequentially and repeatedly at the first visit. IASBPD was defined as a BP at least 15 mmHg according to the National Institutes for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines, and CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min per 1.73 m. We assessed the value of IASBPD to predict the incidence of CKD and investigated cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease and stroke.
Results:
Over a mean follow-up period of 8.5 years, 96 of 581 (16.5%) patients in the IASBPD group and 1037 of 8199 (12.6%) patients in the non-IASBPD group developed incident CKD. Compared with the non-IASBPD, an IASBPD was associated with incident CKD [hazard ratio (HR): 1.336, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.65, P = 0.007]. After adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, we found that the hazard ratio was also robust (hazard ratio 1.275, 95% CI 1.03-1.58, P = 0.024).
Conclusion:
Increased IASBPD is an independent predictor of incident CKD in the general population.
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