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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
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Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration
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Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration: Current State and Future Directions.

Alexandra O Luby1, Kavitha Ranganathan, Jeremy V Lynn

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Craniofacial Research Laboratory, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|March 1, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow (BMSCs) and adipose tissue (ASCs) show potential for bone defect repair. While BMSCs outperform ASCs in vitro, in vivo studies suggest comparable bone regeneration capabilities between the two cell types.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Musculoskeletal tissue regeneration is crucial for repairing bone defects, a significant clinical challenge.
  • Current surgical methods for severe bone loss have limitations, driving research into novel regenerative techniques.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are key to tissue engineering, with bone marrow-derived (BMSCs) and adipose-derived (ASCs) stem cells being primary candidates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare the efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in bone defect regeneration.
  • To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo performance of BMSCs versus ASCs for musculoskeletal tissue repair.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating BMSCs and ASCs for bone defect treatment.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo experimental models comparing the osteogenic potential of BMSCs and ASCs.

Main Results:

  • Both BMSCs and ASCs demonstrated bone regenerative capabilities.
  • BMSCs showed superior performance compared to ASCs in in vitro studies.
  • In vivo study results were variable, with no significant difference found in bone regeneration between ASCs and BMSCs.

Conclusions:

  • While BMSCs exhibit greater osteogenic potential in vitro, their in vivo efficacy for bone regeneration is comparable to ASCs.
  • Further research with improved study design and standardization is needed to optimize clinical applications of MSCs for bone repair.