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Fungi Associated with the Stalk Rot Complex of Pearl Millet
1USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton 31793.
Plant Disease
|March 2, 2019
Summary
Stalk rot in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is caused by a complex of fungi, with incidence influenced by rust infection and plant maturity. Bipolaris setariae and Fusarium species were frequently isolated from infected stalks.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Mycology
- Agronomy
Background:
- Stalk rot is a common disease in maturing, rust-infected pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum).
- Understanding the etiology of stalk rot is crucial for disease management in pearl millet.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify fungi associated with stalk rot in pearl millet.
- To determine the relationship between fungal isolation, node discoloration, and rust infection.
- To investigate the influence of plant maturity and environmental factors on stalk rot development.
Main Methods:
- Fungi were isolated from internal stalk tissues of rust-infected pearl millet plants at various growth stages.
- Node discoloration and rust severity were assessed.
- Fungal isolates were identified and their frequencies correlated with disease parameters and environmental factors.
Main Results:
- Bipolaris setariae, Fusarium semitectum, and Fusarium moniliforme were the most frequently isolated fungi from discolored nodes.
- Node discoloration increased with plant maturation and was correlated with rust severity.
- Isolation frequencies of certain fungi (e.g., B. setariae, F. semitectum, Alternaria spp.) were correlated with rust severity, while others (e.g., F. moniliforme) were more related to plant maturity.
Conclusions:
- Pearl millet stalk rot results from a complex of fungi, not a single pathogen.
- Rust infection and plant maturation are significant factors influencing the incidence of stalk rot pathogens.
- Environmental conditions, including planting dates and years, affect fungal complex dynamics.
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