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Related Concept Videos

Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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DNA Base Pairing

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Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
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Acid–Base Equilibria: Activity-Based Definition of pH01:10

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For an ideal solution, the pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. For a non-ideal solution, an accurate measurement of the pH must consider the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity rather than concentration. In such a solution, the pH can be more accurately defined as the negative logarithm of a product of the hydrogen ion concentration and its activity coefficient.
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Nanomaterials-Based Colorimetric Immunoassays.

Lin Liu1,2, Yuanqiang Hao3, Dehua Deng4

  • 1Henan Province of Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China. liulin@aynu.edu.cn.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanomaterials significantly enhance colorimetric immunoassays for tumor marker detection, offering a sensitive and efficient alternative to traditional methods. This review explores various nanomaterial-based signal amplification strategies for improved diagnostic capabilities.

Keywords:
colorimetric immunoassaysmetal ionsnanomaterialsnanoparticle aggregationnanozymes

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Colorimetric immunoassays are valuable for tumor marker detection due to their simplicity and efficiency.
  • Conventional methods like enzyme-linked immunoassays face limitations.
  • Nanotechnology advancements offer new possibilities for assay development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress of nanomaterial-enhanced colorimetric immunoassays for tumor marker detection.
  • To highlight signal amplification strategies using nanomaterials.
  • To discuss the potential of these assays as alternatives to conventional methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on nanomaterials in colorimetric immunoassays.
  • Categorization of signal amplification mechanisms involving nanomaterials.
  • Analysis of different nanomaterial applications, including artificial enzymes, aggregation, carrier functions, and element release.

Main Results:

  • Nanomaterials serve as artificial enzymes to catalyze color-changing reactions.
  • Analyte-induced changes in nanomaterial properties (aggregation, size, morphology) amplify signals.
  • Nanomaterials act as carriers for enzyme labels, enhancing detection sensitivity.
  • Chromogenic reactions can be triggered by elements released from nanomaterials.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomaterial-based colorimetric immunoassays show significant promise for sensitive and efficient tumor marker detection.
  • These advanced assays offer a viable and improved alternative to traditional enzyme-linked immunoassays.
  • Further research in nanomaterial design and application will continue to advance diagnostic technologies.