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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
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Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Published on: June 29, 2013

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Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Postnatal Monitoring and Outcomes

Kalpashri Kesavan1, Sherin U Devaskar2

  • 1Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, B2-413 MDCC, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|March 2, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) impacts fetal and neonatal health, causing immediate and long-term complications. Careful management is crucial to balance catch-up growth with preventing future metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatology
  • Neonatology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a significant contributor to fetal, perinatal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
  • IUGR arises from diverse etiologies, leading to acute perinatal and neonatal complications that can be life-threatening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the multifaceted causes and consequences of IUGR.
  • To emphasize the critical need for monitoring IUGR infants for long-term health issues.
  • To underscore the importance of balancing catch-up growth with preventing chronic disease.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on IUGR.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to fetal growth restriction.
  • Examination of the long-term health sequelae in affected neonates.

Main Results:

  • The adverse intrauterine environment associated with IUGR leads to developmental programming.
  • IUGR infants are predisposed to long-term conditions including poor physical growth, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, neurodevelopmental impairment, and endocrine abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of IUGR requires careful monitoring throughout infancy and childhood.
  • Achieving optimal catch-up growth is essential for normal development.
  • Preventing the long-term onset of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders is a key management goal.

Keywords:
Fetal programmingGrowth hormoneIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)Metabolic programmingSmall for gestational age (SGA)

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