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Related Concept Videos

Autonomic Nervous System01:22

Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions function antagonistically to maintain a dynamic...
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Autonomic Nervous System: Overview01:26

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The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Gene Therapy00:59

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
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Psychophysiological Stress Assessment Using Biofeedback
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Autonomic biofeedback therapy in epilepsy.

Yoko Nagai1

  • 1Trafford Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RR, United Kingdom.

Epilepsy Research
|March 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Biofeedback training, using galvanic skin response (GSR), shows promise for drug-resistant epilepsy. This behavioral therapy helps patients control autonomic responses to reduce seizure frequency.

Keywords:
Autonomic activityBehavioural TherapyBiofeedbackElectrodermal ActivityFunctional connectivityGalvanic Skin Response (GSR)Skin ConductanceSympathetic activity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Epilepsy Research

Background:

  • Pharmacological treatments are standard for epilepsy but are ineffective for a third of patients, termed drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • Behavioral interventions offer an alternative for managing drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • Biofeedback training, specifically targeting autonomic responses, is explored as a novel therapeutic avenue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a biofeedback therapy utilizing galvanic skin response (GSR) for controlling autonomic tone.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of GSR biofeedback in reducing seizure frequency in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying GSR biofeedback's effectiveness through autonomic control.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical framework for GSR biofeedback methodology.
  • Implementation of GSR biofeedback training for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • Analysis of autonomic control mechanisms and their link to seizure occurrence.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated reduction in seizure frequency in patients undergoing GSR biofeedback.
  • Provided insights into the neuromodulatory effects of autonomic control on seizure activity.
  • Established the potential of GSR biofeedback as a viable therapeutic option.

Conclusions:

  • GSR biofeedback represents a promising behavioral intervention for drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • The approach, termed Autonomic Cognitive Rehabituation Training (ACRT), leverages autonomic control for seizure management.
  • Future research should focus on refining and validating ACRT as a therapeutic tool.