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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Determination of DNA Methylation of Imprinted Genes in Arabidopsis Endosperm
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Auxin regulates endosperm cellularization in Arabidopsis.

Rita A Batista1, Duarte D Figueiredo1, Juan Santos-González1

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 7080 Uppsala, Sweden.

Genes & Development
|March 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Increased auxin in plant seeds prevents cellularization, causing developmental arrest. Lowering auxin levels restores cellularization and viability, revealing auxin

Keywords:
auxincellularizationendospermhybridization barrierseed developmenttriploid block

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Area of Science:

  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Developmental genetics
  • Plant hormone signaling

Background:

  • The endosperm nourishes the developing embryo in angiosperms.
  • Endosperm typically develops as a syncytium before cellularization.
  • The trigger for endosperm cellularization remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of auxin in endosperm cellularization.
  • To understand the mechanism behind seed abortion in triploid seeds.

Main Methods:

  • Manipulating auxin biosynthesis in endosperm.
  • Analyzing gene expression of auxin-related genes in triploid seeds.
  • Assessing endosperm cellularization and seed viability.

Main Results:

  • Overproduction of auxin in endosperm prevents cellularization and leads to seed arrest.
  • Auxin-overproducing seeds mimic paternal-excess triploid seeds.
  • Reduced auxin biosynthesis and signaling restore endosperm cellularization and viability in triploid seeds.

Conclusions:

  • Auxin plays a causal role in preventing endosperm cellularization.
  • Auxin levels determine the timing of endosperm cellularization.
  • Auxin is crucial in establishing hybridization barriers in plants.