Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Muscular System01:18

The Muscular System

7.0K
The muscular system is essential to the body's overall structure and function, playing a crucial role in movement, stability, and internal processes. It consists of three distinct types of muscle tissue: the skeletal, the smooth, and the cardiac muscles.
7.0K
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

166.1K
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
166.1K
Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

1.3K
Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
1.3K
The Scope of Physics01:17

The Scope of Physics

52.9K
Physics is concerned with the interactions of energy, matter, space, and time, in order to discover the underlying mechanisms that underpin all phenomena. The word "physics" comes from the Greek word "phúsis", which means nature. Physics seeks to comprehend the natural world around us at its most fundamental level. It emphasizes the use of quantitative laws to do this, which could be valuable in other fields that want to push the performance boundaries of present...
52.9K
Solving Problems in Physics02:32

Solving Problems in Physics

8.6K
Problem-solving is the ability to apply general physical principles to specific situations, usually expressed by equations. It is an essential skill in physics, and can also be useful for applying physics in everyday life as well. Analytical skills and problem-solving abilities can be applied to new situations, compared to a list of facts, which can never be extensive enough to include every possible circumstance. To solve physics problems, a certain amount of creativity and insight is...
8.6K
Physical Pendulum01:06

Physical Pendulum

2.7K
When a rigid body is hanging freely from a fixed pivot point and is displaced, it oscillates similar to a simple pendulum and is known as a physical pendulum. The period and angular frequency of a physical pendulum are obtained by using the small-angle approximation and drawing parallels with a spring-mass system. The small-angle approximation (sinθ=θ) is valid up to about 14°.
When dealing with complicated systems, the mass moment of inertia is an important parameter, as it...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The SMN locus in the T2T era: Structure, gene conversion, and clinical implications.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
Same author

Lifestyle front offices in dutch hospitals: a cross-sectional survey on similarities, differences and future needs.

BMC health services research·2026
Same author

Lung Function and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Symptomatic Children and Adults With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Treated With Nusinersen.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Author Correction: High-dose nusinersen for spinal muscular atrophy: a phase 3 randomized trial.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

High-dose nusinersen for spinal muscular atrophy: a phase 3 randomized trial.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

Loss of ambulation in SMA III at the time of disease-modifying treatments: an international study.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
08:07

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

13.2K

Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy.

Bart Bartels1, Jacqueline Montes, W Ludo van der Pol

  • 1Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3508 AB.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|March 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Physical exercise training in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 3 showed no significant improvements in walking distance or cardiorespiratory function. More high-quality research is needed to determine the benefits and risks of exercise for individuals with SMA type 3.

More Related Videos

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches
10:34

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.8K
Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton
09:46

Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton

Published on: June 16, 2016

21.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
08:07

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

13.2K
A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches
10:34

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.8K
Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton
09:46

Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton

Published on: June 16, 2016

21.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 3 is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness.
  • Physical exercise training may offer benefits for muscle and cardiorespiratory function in SMA by optimizing residual muscle capacity.
  • Current evidence synthesis on exercise interventions for SMA type 3 is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of physical exercise training on functional performance in individuals with SMA type 3.
  • To identify any potential adverse effects associated with exercise interventions in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of multiple electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies.
  • Included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs of at least 12 weeks duration.
  • Participants were individuals aged five years and older with genetically confirmed SMA type 3.

Main Results:

  • One RCT involving 14 ambulatory individuals with SMA type 3 was included, comparing a 6-month combined strength and aerobic training program to usual care.
  • No significant differences were observed between the exercise and usual care groups in the six-minute walk test, peak oxygen uptake (VO2max), or functional motor scale scores.
  • While muscle strength showed a slight improvement in the training group, the evidence quality for all outcomes was very low due to study limitations and imprecision.

Conclusions:

  • The current evidence is insufficient to determine the efficacy or safety of combined strength and aerobic exercise training for individuals with SMA type 3.
  • Further well-designed, adequately powered studies adhering to international standards are required to establish effective exercise guidelines for SMA type 3.