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Related Concept Videos

Gap Junctions01:27

Gap Junctions

9.5K
The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

57.1K
Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
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P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

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A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
1.2K
The Neuromuscular Junction01:19

The Neuromuscular Junction

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The nervous system consists of complex motor neuron circuits, including upper motor neurons originating from the cerebral cortex and lower motor neurons starting in the spinal cord, coordinating both voluntary and involuntary movements. Among these, somatic motor neurons activate skeletal muscles and are classified into alpha, beta, and gamma types. Alpha neurons are vital for voluntary movement coordination, while gamma neurons adjust muscle spindle sensitivity, and the function of beta...
18.8K
Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

5.0K
Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
5.0K
Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Recording Gap Junction Current from Xenopus Oocytes
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Published on: January 21, 2022

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Studying gap junctions with PARIS.

Daniel R Kick1, David J Schulz1

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, United States.

Elife
|March 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel genetically encoded system to monitor intracellular pH. This system enables the detection of cell-to-cell coupling, a crucial aspect of cellular communication.

Keywords:
D. melanogastercardiomyocyteselectrical synapsesgap junctionsneuroscienceolfactory systemoptogenetics

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell-to-cell communication is vital for multicellular organisms.
  • Understanding how cells coordinate their activities requires methods to assess direct cell coupling.
  • Existing methods for detecting cell coupling can be invasive or lack precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, genetically encoded biosensor system.
  • To enable real-time detection of cell-to-cell coupling.
  • To utilize intracellular pH changes as an indicator of cell coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering a genetically encoded fluorescent reporter.
  • Calibrating the reporter's response to specific pH changes.
  • Introducing the reporter system into cultured cells.
  • Assessing reporter signal changes in response to induced cell coupling.

Main Results:

  • The genetically encoded system successfully detected changes in intracellular pH.
  • A correlation was observed between the reporter signal and the degree of cell coupling.
  • The system demonstrated sensitivity and specificity in identifying coupled cells.

Conclusions:

  • A novel genetically encoded system for detecting cell coupling has been established.
  • This system offers a non-invasive and precise method for studying intercellular communication.
  • The developed biosensor has potential applications in various fields of cell biology research.