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    Area of Science:

    • Fiber optic sensing
    • Photonics
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) is a powerful technique for distributed sensing.
    • Few-mode fibers offer potential for enhanced sensing capabilities by supporting higher-order modes.
    • Multiparameter sensing is crucial for complex environmental monitoring.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel multiparameter sensing technique using higher-order optical and acoustic modes in an elliptical-core few-mode fiber.
    • To characterize the temperature and strain coefficients for different optical-acoustic mode pairs.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous distributed temperature and strain sensing with high accuracy.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) in an elliptical-core few-mode fiber.
    • Employing higher-order optical modes (LP01 and LP11) and their interactions with acoustic modes.
    • Analyzing multiple Brillouin peaks corresponding to different mode interactions.
    • Characterizing temperature and strain coefficients for selected optical-acoustic mode pairs.

    Main Results:

    • Observed multiple distinct Brillouin peaks from the backscattering of LP01 and LP11 modes.
    • Quantified temperature and strain coefficients for various optical-acoustic mode combinations.
    • Achieved discriminative uncertainty of 0.28°C for temperature and 5.81 με for strain.
    • Demonstrated successful distributed sensing over a 0.5-km fiber.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed technique enables optimized multiparameter sensing by selecting appropriate optical-acoustic mode pairs.
    • Elliptical-core few-mode fibers are suitable for advanced distributed sensing applications.
    • This method offers a promising solution for high-accuracy, simultaneous temperature and strain monitoring.