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Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility
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Urbanization alters predator-avoidance behaviours.

Travis Gallo1, Mason Fidino1, Elizabeth W Lehrer1

  • 1Department of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois.

The Journal of Animal Ecology
|March 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Urbanization does not alter predator-avoidance behaviors in white-tailed deer or eastern cottontails. Human presence in urban ecosystems creates a three-player dynamic, modifying traditional predator-prey interactions.

Keywords:
Bayesian two-species occupancy modelbehaviourdaily activity overlappredator-prey dynamicsspatial distributionurban wildlifeurbanizationvigilance

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Area of Science:

  • Urban ecology
  • Wildlife behavior
  • Conservation biology

Background:

  • Urbanization is a major driver of land-use change, altering ecosystems.
  • Urban environments present unique challenges and opportunities for wildlife.
  • Ecological principles from natural systems may not apply to urban settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how urbanization affects predator-avoidance behaviors in urban prey species.
  • To determine if the presence of coyotes influences the spatial distribution, activity patterns, and vigilance of white-tailed deer and eastern cottontails.
  • To understand the impact of human presence on predator-prey dynamics in urban ecosystems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large-scale, long-term camera trap project in Chicago, USA.
  • Monitored white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) in relation to coyote (Canis latrans) presence.
  • Analyzed spatial distribution, daily activity patterns, and vigilance behaviors.

Main Results:

  • No spatial segregation was observed between coyotes and either prey species.
  • Neither deer nor cottontails altered daily activity or vigilance in response to coyotes in urban areas.
  • Eastern cottontails exhibited peak vigilance in highly urban sites even without coyotes present.

Conclusions:

  • Urbanization may modify predator-prey dynamics, introducing humans as a significant factor.
  • Traditional two-player predator-prey models may be insufficient for urban ecosystems.
  • Further research is needed to understand the complex interactions in urban wildlife.