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The heritability of self-control: A meta-analysis
Y E Willems1, N Boesen2, J Li3
1Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Universiteit Utrecht, the Netherlands.
This meta-analysis reveals that self-control is 60% heritable, with genetic factors playing a significant role across all ages and genders. Informant type influences heritability estimates, highlighting the importance of considering genetic influences on self-control.
Area of Science:
- Behavioral Genetics
- Psychology
- Human Development
Background:
- Self-control, the capacity to regulate impulses, is crucial for well-being.
- Previous twin studies suggest heritability but with wide-ranging estimates.
- A quantitative overview is needed to clarify the genetic contribution to self-control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a meta-analysis on the heritability of self-control.
- To provide a robust estimate of genetic influence on self-control.
- To explore variations in heritability across demographic factors and reporting methods.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search identifying 31 relevant twin studies.
- Meta-analysis of data from over 30,000 twin individuals.
- Analysis of heritability estimates based on twin correlations (MZ=0.58, DZ=0.28).
Main Results:
- The overall heritability estimate for self-control is 60%.
- Heritability did not significantly differ by gender or age.
- Parental reports yielded higher heritability estimates compared to self-reports or observations.
Conclusions:
- Genetic factors significantly contribute to individual differences in self-control.
- Future research should incorporate genetic considerations when studying self-control.
- Understanding the interplay of genetic and environmental factors is key to self-control development.
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