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Related Concept Videos

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

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Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
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Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea
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Cervical Kyphotic Deformity Worsening After Extensor Cervical Muscle Paralysis from Botulinum Toxin Injection.

Justice O Agyei1, David E Smolar1, Joelle Hartke2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Buffalo General Medical Center at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA.

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|March 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections for neck pain can cause severe cervical kyphotic deformity in elderly patients with pre-existing spinal issues. Careful patient evaluation is crucial to prevent this rare but serious adverse event.

Keywords:
Botox injectionBotulinum toxin injectionKyphotic deformityNeck extensor muscle weakness

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Orthopedics
  • Medical Complications

Background:

  • Botulinum toxin (Botox) is widely used for conditions like migraine and cervical dystonia.
  • Despite therapeutic benefits, Botox can cause significant adverse events.

Observation:

  • An elderly patient developed severe cervical kyphotic deformity after Botox injections to neck extensor muscles.
  • The patient had pre-existing cervical spine degenerative disc disease and instability.

Findings:

  • This case highlights a potential risk of Botox-induced cervical kyphosis in predisposed elderly individuals.
  • Pre-existing cervical instability, muscle weakness, and kyphosis increase complication risk.

Implications:

  • Emphasizes the need for thorough pre-treatment evaluation of elderly patients considering Botox for neck conditions.
  • Suggests identifying patients at risk for cervical kyphotic deformities before Botox administration.