Bacterial community composition and function shift with the aggravation of water quality in a heavily polluted river

Blackening and odorization of heavily polluted rivers has become a vital aquatic environmental problem in developing countries and has threatened river ecosystems. Monitoring the contamination and functional degradation conditions is important for bioremediation of river ecosystems. In this study, the diversity, composition, co-occurrence pattern, and function of bacterial communities collected from a heavily polluted urban river sediment were investigated using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis. The degree of pollution in the river was divided into three levels, and the clustering result based on the relative abundance of bacterial communities was consistent with the pollution levels in the river. The community assembly analysis further demonstrated that bacterial community assembly was mainly driven by environmental selection (95.84%) in Jinchuan River. Composition of bacterial communities were clearly different at different pollution level sites, although no apparent changes in alpha diversity were observed. The complexity of the bacterial co-occurrence network decreased with aggravation of the pollution level, as indicated by topological features, suggesting that the interactions among bacterial communities were weakened. A phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States analysis predicted that the relative abundance of functional genes was negatively correlated with pollution levels, and those related to energy metabolism as well as xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism decreased significantly. These results provide an ecological reference for monitoring and bioremediation of aquatic ecosystems.