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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Essential Metal Uptake in Gram-negative Bacteria: X-ray Fluorescence, Radioisotopes, and Cell Fractionation
Published on: February 1, 2018
Uptake and Elimination of Bacteria in Shellfish
Frank O Perkins1, Dexter S Haven1, Reinaldo Morales-Alamo1
1Division of Biological Oceanography, Department of Applied Biology and Department of Microbiology-Pathology, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062.
Abstract:
A general review of knowledge concerning bacterial accumulation and depletion by commercially significant bivalve molluses is presented. Naturally contaminated shellfish can eliminate fecal coliforms (FC) in 48 h to levels below most market standards over a wide range of environmental conditions when sea water flowing to the molluses is treated so that fecal coliform levels are indeterminate or marginally determinate as assayed by standard methodology. Most probable number (MPN) enumerations of shellfish depurated for 48 h by the authors yielded a median value of < 18 FC/100 g of oyster ( Crassostrea Virginica ) meats with < 10% of the samples exceeding 78 FC/100 g.
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