Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Fluid Mosaic Model01:34

The Fluid Mosaic Model

177.7K
The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
177.7K
Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

2.3K
When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
2.3K
Cerebrospinal Fluid01:21

Cerebrospinal Fluid

5.8K
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
CSF Production
CSF is produced mainly in the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells located within the ventricular system of the brain....
5.8K
Fluid Pressure01:14

Fluid Pressure

1.2K
In mechanical engineering, fluid pressure plays a critical role in designing systems that utilize liquid flow, such as hydraulic systems, pumps, and valves. When designing these systems, engineers must ensure they can withstand the forces created by fluid pressure to avoid damage or failure.
According to Pascal's law, a fluid at rest will generate equal pressure in all directions. This pressure is measured as a force per unit area, and its magnitude depends on the fluid's specific...
1.2K
Characteristics of Fluids01:31

Characteristics of Fluids

1.0K
Fluids differ from solids primarily in their molecular structure and stress response. Solids have tightly packed molecules with strong intermolecular forces, maintaining their shape and resisting deformation. In contrast, fluids have molecules spaced farther apart with weaker forces, allowing them to flow and deform easily.
Fluids, which include both liquids and gases, are substances that deform continuously under shearing stress. For example, water and oil are liquids with molecules that can...
1.0K
Characteristics of Fluids01:20

Characteristics of Fluids

8.0K
When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
8.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

GDF15 biomarker performance in older patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Journal of geriatric oncology·2026
Same author

Erratum: Evaluating the<i>in vivo</i>glial response to miniaturized parylene cortical probes coated with an ultra-fast degrading polymer to aid insertion (2018<i>J. Neural Eng</i>.<b>15</b>036002).

Journal of neural engineering·2026
Same author

The Safety and Effectiveness of Lumbar Transforaminal Injection of Sterile Amniotic Fluid Filtrate Compared to Steroid for Lumbosacral Radicular Pain Due to Spinal Stenosis: A Phase I/II Double-Blinded Randomized Trial.

Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Amivantamab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for first-line treatment of participants with EGFR exon 20 insertion-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: PAPILLON Asia subgroup analysis.

Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

History of the International Union of Societies for Biomaterials Science and Engineering.

Biomaterials research·2026
Same author

Economic evaluation of microvascular reconstruction of the jaw: A micro-costing analysis and identification of key cost-drivers.

Oral oncology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System
08:24

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System

Published on: February 28, 2017

7.5K

Processed human amniotic fluid retains its antibacterial activity.

Yong Mao1, Jan Pierce2,3, Anya Singh-Varma1

  • 1New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.

Journal of Translational Medicine
|March 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Processed amniotic fluid (pAF) retains significant antibacterial properties against common wound pathogens. This is due to the preservation of key antibacterial proteins like lactoferrin and lysozyme, making pAF a promising candidate for clinical wound care applications.

Keywords:
Amniotic fluidAntibacterialESKAPEImmunoprecipitation

More Related Videos

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
09:34

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

Published on: November 27, 2017

9.8K
In Vitro Culture of Epithelial Cells from Different Anatomical Regions of the Human Amniotic Membrane
10:00

In Vitro Culture of Epithelial Cells from Different Anatomical Regions of the Human Amniotic Membrane

Published on: November 28, 2019

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System
08:24

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System

Published on: February 28, 2017

7.5K
Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
09:34

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

Published on: November 27, 2017

9.8K
In Vitro Culture of Epithelial Cells from Different Anatomical Regions of the Human Amniotic Membrane
10:00

In Vitro Culture of Epithelial Cells from Different Anatomical Regions of the Human Amniotic Membrane

Published on: November 28, 2019

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Human amniotic fluid (AF) possesses inherent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties crucial for fetal development.
  • These properties are attributed to a rich composition of nutrients, trophic factors, and defense proteins.
  • A novel processing method was developed to harness these properties for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the retained antibacterial activity of processed amniotic fluid (pAF) against a panel of wound-associated pathogens.
  • To identify specific proteins within pAF responsible for its antibacterial effects.
  • To determine the contribution of key identified proteins, lactoferrin and lysozyme, to the overall antibacterial activity.

Main Methods:

  • Six lots of pAF were tested for antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogens (E. faecium, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. aerogenes).
  • Quantitative cytokine arrays were used to analyze protein content in three pAF lots.
  • Depletion experiments involving immunoprecipitation of lactoferrin and lysozyme were conducted.

Main Results:

  • All tested pAF lots demonstrated antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogens, particularly S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, common in chronic wounds.
  • Twenty-six of 31 annotated antibacterial peptides were detected in pAF, with Cystatin C and lactoferrin being highly expressed.
  • ELISA confirmed the presence of lactoferrin and lysozyme; their depletion partially reduced pAF's antibacterial activity.

Conclusions:

  • Processed amniotic fluid (pAF) effectively preserves antibacterial proteins.
  • This preservation confers broad-spectrum activity against clinically relevant wound pathogens.
  • pAF represents a viable therapeutic option for wound management due to its maintained antimicrobial properties.