Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
Published on: July 18, 2014
Noncardiac surgery in the congenital heart patient
Mercedes Pilkington1, J Craig Egan2
1Pediatric Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Abstract:
More children with congenital heart disease are surviving and require noncardiac surgery. A high-yield summary of congenital heart anatomy and pathophysiology is presented to contextualize these patients for surgeons. Preoperative planning including risk stratification, anesthetic management and timing of elective surgery are discussed. Specific intraoperative considerations for particular cases, such as the use of laparoscopy and thoracic surgery, are reviewed. Postoperative outcomes and recommended management required to mitigate complications are summarized.
Related Concept Videos
Anatomy of the Heart
Anatomy of the Heart
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...
Overview of the Heart
The heart's structure...
Conduction System of the Heart
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
Conduction System of the Heart
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
Chambers of the Heart
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...

