Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

137.7K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
137.7K
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

9.5K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
9.5K
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

198.1K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
198.1K
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

13.9K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
13.9K
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

2.1K
Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
2.1K
Decreasing Function01:27

Decreasing Function

267
A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
267

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diet-induced obesity impairs refeeding responses and downregulates lateral septal GLP-1R in male rats: an effect reversed by weight-loss treatment.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same author

A Multi-Network Approach Identifies Proteins Related to Dendritic Spines in Alzheimer's Disease.

eNeuro·2026
Same author

Mouse model of atypical DAT deficiency syndrome uncovers dopamine dysfunction associated with parkinsonism and ADHD.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

C1q-dependent clearance of alpha-synuclein allows macrophages to transiently limit enteric synucleinopathy in male mice.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The synaptic vesicle priming protein Munc13 mediates evoked somatodendritic dopamine release.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

TNF-α signaling mediates the dopaminergic effects of methamphetamine by stimulating dopamine transporters and L-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels.

Science signaling·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
11:51

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

Published on: February 3, 2018

7.5K

Clustered Kv2.1 decreases dopamine transporter activity and internalization.

Joseph J Lebowitz1,2, Jose A Pino3, Phillip M Mackie1

  • 1From the Departments of Neuroscience and.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|March 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Dopamine transporter (DAT) function is modulated by novel interactions with Kv2.1 potassium channels. These interactions regulate dopamine neuron activity and may be relevant to neurological disorders.

Keywords:
dopamine transporterneurotransmitter transportprotein–protein interactiontraffickingvoltage-dependent anion channel

More Related Videos

Creating Dynamic Images of Short-lived Dopamine Fluctuations with lp-ntPET: Dopamine Movies of Cigarette Smoking
14:21

Creating Dynamic Images of Short-lived Dopamine Fluctuations with lp-ntPET: Dopamine Movies of Cigarette Smoking

Published on: August 6, 2013

18.8K
Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System
06:08

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System

Published on: April 4, 2022

3.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
11:51

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

Published on: February 3, 2018

7.5K
Creating Dynamic Images of Short-lived Dopamine Fluctuations with lp-ntPET: Dopamine Movies of Cigarette Smoking
14:21

Creating Dynamic Images of Short-lived Dopamine Fluctuations with lp-ntPET: Dopamine Movies of Cigarette Smoking

Published on: August 6, 2013

18.8K
Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System
06:08

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System

Published on: April 4, 2022

3.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dopamine transporter (DAT) regulates dopamine neurotransmission by reuptaking extracellular dopamine.
  • Protein interactions with DAT dynamically shape dopaminergic tone, crucial for brain function.
  • The precise nature of DAT interactions remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel physical and functional interaction between DAT and the Kv2.1 potassium channel.
  • To elucidate the functional consequences of the DAT-Kv2.1 interaction on DAT activity and localization.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence live-cell microscopy to visualize Kv2.1 localization.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation to confirm physical interaction between DAT and Kv2.1.
  • Electrophysiological approaches to assess transporter activity and conformational changes.

Main Results:

  • Kv2.1 forms membrane-bound clusters in rodent dopamine neurons, both in vivo and in vitro.
  • Clustered Kv2.1 decreases DAT lateral mobility and inhibits DAT internalization.
  • Kv2.1 clusters reduce canonical DAT activity by altering transporter conformation, favoring an inward-facing state.

Conclusions:

  • Kv2.1 clusters act as a localized homeostatic brake on DAT activity.
  • Alterations in the DAT-Kv2.1 interaction may impact dopamine neuron activity.
  • Dysregulation of Kv2.1, implicated in neurological disorders, could affect dopaminergic signaling through this interaction.