Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

43.8K
An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
43.8K
The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

30.1K
In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
30.1K
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

905
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
905
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

17.9K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
17.9K
Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

208.9K
Overview
208.9K
Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

70.0K
Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
70.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mn-Promoted Co/TiO<sub>2</sub> Catalysts: Quantitative Analysis of Cobalt Polymorphs and Stacking Faults and Its Effect on Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Performance.

ACS catalysis·2026
Same author

The accuracy of carbon-13 NMR magnetic-shielding tensors calculated using periodic DFT: a case study on the distinction of crystalline serine phases.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Milling-Induced Defect Engineering of Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks and Its Catalytic Applications.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Metastable Crystalline Cobalt Iron Oxide Nano-Flakes with Antiferromagnetic/Ferrimagnetic Composition Mosaicity.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

Formation of Racemic Phases of Amino Acids by Liquid-Assisted Resonant Acoustic Mixing Monitored by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

A strategy of consistent X-ray and neutron double-difference pair distribution function analysis of nanoparticle dispersions.

Colloid and polymer science·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures
09:12

Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures

Published on: August 10, 2017

7.9K

Atomic insight into hydration shells around facetted nanoparticles.

Sabrina L J Thomä1, Sebastian W Krauss1, Mirco Eckardt1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr.30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.

Nature Communications
|March 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers reveal hydration shell structures around colloidal nanoparticles using scattering experiments. The nanoparticle

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

4.2K
Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles
08:19

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Published on: March 2, 2016

18.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures
09:12

Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures

Published on: August 10, 2017

7.9K
Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

4.2K
Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles
08:19

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Published on: March 2, 2016

18.9K

Area of Science:

  • Colloidal science and materials chemistry.
  • Surface chemistry and nanotechnology.
  • Physical chemistry and spectroscopy.

Background:

  • Nanoparticles in solution interact with their environment through hydration shells, crucial for their properties.
  • Experimental structural data on these hydration shells is limited, hindering a full understanding.
  • Existing knowledge relies heavily on theoretical predictions and indirect spectroscopic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally determine the structure of hydration shells around colloidal nanoparticles.
  • To investigate the influence of nanoparticle surface functionalization and crystal structure on hydration shells.
  • To bridge the gap between theoretical solvation science and experimental observations.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of variably functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle dispersions.
  • Utilizing scattering experiments to probe nanoparticle-water interactions.
  • Analysis of interatomic distances and shell extent based on theoretical predictions.

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct interatomic distances within 2.5 Å of the particle surface, corresponding to adsorbed water molecules.
  • Characterized a weaker, restructured hydration shell extending up to 15 Å.
  • Demonstrated that the nanoparticle's crystal structure dictates the hydration shell structure.
  • Observed that nanoparticle facets behave similarly to planar surfaces, regardless of size (7 and 15 nm).

Conclusions:

  • Experimental scattering data provides direct insight into nanoparticle hydration shell structures.
  • Hydration shell structure is intrinsically linked to the nanoparticle's crystal structure and surface facets.
  • These findings reconcile theoretical models with experimental observations in nanoparticle solvation science.