Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

7.6K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
7.6K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

5.6K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
5.6K
Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

894
Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
894
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

7.8K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
7.8K
Indeterminate Products01:29

Indeterminate Products

50
Indeterminate forms also arise in the evaluation of limits involving products, particularly when one factor approaches zero while the other tends to positive or negative infinity. This situation, commonly described as a zero-times-infinity form, does not have an immediately interpretable outcome. Depending on how the factors behave relative to one another, the limit of such a product may be zero, infinite, or a finite nonzero value.Product Limits and Algebraic RewritingTo analyze limits of this...
50
Indeterminate Structure01:18

Indeterminate Structure

1.5K
Indeterminate structures refer to structures where internal forces and reactions cannot be determined using only the equations of static equilibrium.  Indeterminate structures have more unknown forces and reaction forces than equations of static equilibrium that can be used to determine them. Indeterminate structures are often used in engineering to create complex, efficient, and aesthetically pleasing structures. There are various types of indeterminate structures used in engineering and...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

DLL3 Expression in a Genotyped Cohort of Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas.

The American journal of surgical pathology·2026
Same author

Neuroinvasion pathways of Treponema denticola and its role in amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation: A systematic review.

Microbial pathogenesis·2026
Same author

Clinicopathologic and Molecular Features of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas in Adults ≤ 45 Years of Age.

Endocrine pathology·2026
Same author

The effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on pregnancy and fetal complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·2026
Same author

Utility of genomic sequencing classifier in managing cytologically indeterminate oncocytic thyroid nodules.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Association Between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Health science reports·2026
Same journal

Distinct ALK Expression Patterns Are Associated with Canonical and Noncanonical STRN::ALK Transcript Architectures in Oncocytic Thyroid Neoplasms.

Endocrine pathology·2026
Same journal

Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Gallbladder: A Multicenter Case Series and Systematic Literature Review Indicating Predominantly Non-Aggressive Tumor Behavior and a Common Association with Cholesterol Polyps and Cholesterolosis.

Endocrine pathology·2026
Same journal

Genomic Catastrophe Defines the Evolutionary Trajectory of Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Endocrine pathology·2026
Same journal

Three-Tier Prognostic Stratification of Lung Carcinoids (NET G1-G2-G3) by Multivariable, Data-Driven Integration of Ki-67 and Mitotic Count.

Endocrine pathology·2026
Same journal

Impact of Molecular Testing on Surgical Decision-Making in Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: A Global Meta-Analysis Across Test Generations.

Endocrine pathology·2026
Same journal

Molecular Profiling of Digestive Grade 3 Neuroendocrine Tumors Reveals a Shared Molecular Framework with Lower-Grade Tumors, Marked Heterogeneity, and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Endocrine pathology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
04:23

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

2.3K

Negative Results on Thyroid Molecular Testing Decrease Rates of Surgery for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules.

Rachel Jug1, Shobha Parajuli2, Sara Ahmadi3

  • 1Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3712 DUMC, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.

Endocrine Pathology
|March 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular tests like Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) and ThyroSeq help manage indeterminate thyroid nodules. Results from these tests significantly influenced surgical decisions, reducing unnecessary surgeries for benign or low-risk nodules.

Keywords:
Afirma Gene Expression ClassifierFine needle aspirationMolecular testingThyroSeqThyroid cytopathology

More Related Videos

A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery
04:42

A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.8K
Investigation of the Electrophysiological and Thermographic Safety Parameters of Surgical Energy Devices During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery in a Porcine Model
11:46

Investigation of the Electrophysiological and Thermographic Safety Parameters of Surgical Energy Devices During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery in a Porcine Model

Published on: October 13, 2022

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
04:23

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

2.3K
A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery
04:42

A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.8K
Investigation of the Electrophysiological and Thermographic Safety Parameters of Surgical Energy Devices During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery in a Porcine Model
11:46

Investigation of the Electrophysiological and Thermographic Safety Parameters of Surgical Energy Devices During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery in a Porcine Model

Published on: October 13, 2022

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules (Bethesda III/IV) pose a management challenge.
  • Molecular testing aims to improve risk stratification and reduce unnecessary surgeries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of molecular testing (Afirma GEC and ThyroSeq) on surgical resection rates for indeterminate thyroid nodules.
  • To assess the correlation between molecular test results and surgical management decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 283 thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology tested between June 2012 and August 2016.
  • Analysis of demographics, cytology, molecular test results (GEC or ThyroSeq), and surgical resection rates.

Main Results:

  • GEC: 71% resection for "suspicious" vs. 13% for "benign".
  • ThyroSeq: 85% resection for "high-risk mutation" vs. 44% for "no high-risk mutation".
  • Resection rates were higher for Bethesda IV than III nodules and correlated with molecular test outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular test results significantly influence surgical management of indeterminate thyroid nodules.
  • GEC and ThyroSeq appear to guide decisions, potentially reducing overtreatment.
  • Molecular testing aids in personalized risk stratification for thyroid nodules.