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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Development of Compendium for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Complement C3a promotes proliferation, migration and stemness in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Zhuo Fan1,2, Jingjing Qin2, Dandan Wang2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|March 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Complement C3a promotes cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) growth, migration, and stemness by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Targeting C3aR may inhibit cSCC progression and tumor growth.

Keywords:
complement C3acutaneous squamous cell carcinomamigrationproliferationstemness

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Complement C3 is highly expressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tissues.
  • C3 expression correlates with increased tumor cell growth in cSCC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of C3 in cSCC malignant transformation.
  • To explore the role of C3a in promoting cSCC cell proliferation, migration, and stemness.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed C3 expression in cSCC cell lines and immortalized keratinocytes.
  • Assessed cSCC proliferation and migration after C3a exposure.
  • Examined tumor growth in a murine xenograft model.

Main Results:

  • C3a significantly promoted cSCC cell proliferation, migration, and stemness factor expression (Sox-2, Nanog, Oct-4, c-Myc, CD-44).
  • C3a upregulated cyclin D1, cyclin E, VEGF, pro-MMP1, and pro-MMP2, activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
  • C3aR antagonist impeded C3a-induced effects; Sox-2 knockdown suppressed proliferation and migration; C3aR disruption reduced tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • C3a enhances proliferation, migration, and stemness in cSCC.
  • C3a activity is linked to the activation of the Wnt and β-catenin pathway.