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Related Concept Videos

G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

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G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
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G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

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G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
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Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

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G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
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Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

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Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
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Structural Protein Function01:56

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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
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Adhesion G-protein coupled receptors: Implications for metabolic function.

Oladapo E Olaniru1, Shanta J Persaud1

  • 1Diabetes Research Group, Department of Diabetes, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.

Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|March 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Adhesion G-protein coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are key to energy balance. This review explores how aGPCRs, often activated by extracellular matrix proteins, influence metabolic functions like insulin secretion and adipogenesis.

Keywords:
Adhesion GPCRsAdiposeDiabetesExtracellular matrix proteinsIsletsLiverMusclePancreas

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolism
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Adhesion G-protein coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in metabolic regulation.
  • Many aGPCRs are orphan receptors, with ligands often being extracellular matrix (ECM) components.
  • aGPCRs are implicated in crucial metabolic processes such as insulin secretion and adipogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the expression of aGPCRs in metabolically active tissues.
  • To discuss the activation of aGPCRs by ECM proteins.
  • To summarize current knowledge on aGPCR functions in islet development, insulin secretion, adipogenesis, and muscle function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of biochemical and functional studies.
  • Analysis of data from transgenic mouse models.
  • Focus on aGPCR expression, ligand identification, and functional roles in metabolic tissues.

Main Results:

  • aGPCRs are expressed in key metabolic tissues including islets and adipose tissue.
  • ECM proteins are identified as endogenous ligands for several aGPCRs.
  • Evidence suggests aGPCRs are involved in regulating beta-cell function, adipocyte differentiation, and whole-body fuel homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • aGPCRs represent a significant class of receptors involved in maintaining energy homeostasis.
  • Understanding aGPCR-ECM interactions is crucial for elucidating their roles in metabolic diseases.
  • Further research into aGPCRs could yield novel therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders.