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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Epithelial tissues are large sheets of cells covering all of the surfaces of the body. These surfaces can be internal or external, for example, skin, airways, the digestive tract, the urinary system, and the reproductive system. Hollow organs and body cavities that do not connect to the body's exterior, including blood vessels and serous membranes, are lined by epithelial tissue known as the endothelium.
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Connective tissues perform a broad range of functions in the body. Their primary function is to connect and link different tissues in the body and act as packaging material between tissues. The areolar tissue, a connective tissue prototype, commonly cements various tissue types in diverse body organs. In contrast, adipose tissue cushions internal organs while insulating the body from heat loss.
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Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
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Elastomeric PGS Scaffolds in Arterial Tissue Engineering
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Biodegradable water-based polyurethane scaffolds with a sequential release function for cell-free cartilage tissue

Yi-Ting Wen1, Niann-Tzyy Dai2, Shan-Hui Hsu3

  • 1Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.

Acta Biomaterialia
|March 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed 3D printed scaffolds using biodegradable polyurethane with sequential release of SDF-1 and Y27632 for cartilage regeneration. Cell-free scaffolds demonstrated potential in promoting cartilage repair in rabbit models.

Keywords:
3D printing osteochondral scaffoldBiodegradable polyurethaneCartilage regenerationSequential releaseTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Tissue engineering faces challenges with cell quality and contamination risks.
  • Cell-free scaffolds often lack sufficient therapeutic efficacy.
  • Developing advanced scaffolds is crucial for successful tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds with sequential drug release functionality.
  • To investigate the efficacy of cell-free scaffolds containing chemokine SDF-1 and Y27632 for cartilage regeneration.
  • To enhance clinical applicability and convenience in tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized water-based 3D printing ink with biodegradable polyurethane (PU), SDF-1, and Y27632-loaded PU microspheres.
  • Printed scaffolds at low temperature (-40°C) to achieve sequential drug release.
  • Evaluated in vitro drug release profiles and in vivo cartilage regeneration in rabbit models.

Main Results:

  • Optimized scaffolds (PU/SDF-1/MS_Y) demonstrated sequential release of SDF-1 and Y27632, reaching effective concentrations.
  • Scaffolds promoted human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) migration (SDF-1) and GAG deposition.
  • In vivo implantation in rabbit cartilage defects showed potential for promoting cartilage regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • 3D printed scaffolds with sequential SDF-1 and Y27632 release show promise for cartilage tissue engineering.
  • Cell-free approach enhances clinical applicability and convenience.
  • The developed scaffolds offer a potential solution for cartilage repair without exogenous cells.