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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

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Regulation of FOXP3 expression in myeloid cells in response to all-trans-retinoic acid, interleukin 2 and

Aleksandra Ilnicka1, Elżbieta Gocek1, Justyna Łopatecka1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.

Developmental and Comparative Immunology
|March 4, 2019
PubMed

FoxP3 is a transcription factor essential for differentiation and function of T regulatory cells (Tregs). There are two major subsets of Tregs: natural Tregs (nTregs) generated in thymus and inducible Tregs (iTregs) produced in peripheral immune system. It has been documented that iTreg development is dependent on soluble mediators including interleukin 2 (IL2), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). In our experiments we performed a gene expression array, followed by Real-time PCR experiments to study expression of genes regulated by ATRA in cells of myeloid origin. Our experiments revealed that ATRA alone, but also a cocktail of mediators consisting of IL2, TGFβ and ATRA, upregulate expression of FOXP3 gene in normal and leukemic myeloid cells. Our results indicate that signaling pathways which are used at the late steps of T cell differentiation, are also active in the cells of myeloid lineage.

Keywords:
All-trans-retinoic acidBlood cellsDifferentiationInterleukin 2LymphocytesMonocytesMyeloid leukemiaTranscription factorsTransforming growth factor β

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