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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Vibrio cholerae: Model Organism to Study Bacterial Pathogenesis - Interview
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TcpP L152A Constitutively Activating Virulence Gene Expression in Vibrio cholerae.

Na Li1, Yue Zheng1, Mengting Shi2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejing A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Current Microbiology
|March 4, 2019
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Summary

The transmembrane helix of TcpP regulates virulence factor production in Vibrio cholerae. A specific mutation (L152A) allows TcpP to activate gene expression without host signals, aiding bacterial colonization.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, a severe diarrheal disease.
  • Virulence factor production is essential for V. cholerae infection and regulated by environmental signals.
  • TcpP is a membrane-localized transcription activator responding to host signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the TcpP transmembrane helix in regulating transcription activity.
  • To identify mutations enhancing TcpP activity independently of environmental stimuli like bile salts.

Main Methods:

  • Site-directed mutagenesis was used to create specific mutations in the TcpP transmembrane helix.
  • ToxT expression levels were measured to assess TcpP activity.
  • An infant mouse colonization model was employed to evaluate bacterial competitiveness.

Main Results:

  • The TcpP L152A mutation constitutively activates toxT expression, even without bile salts.
  • TcpP L152A requires disulfide bond formation in the periplasmic domain for activity.
  • TcpP L152A demonstrated a competitive advantage in infant mouse colonization.

Conclusions:

  • The transmembrane helix of TcpP is crucial for regulating its transcription activity in response to environmental signals.
  • Specific mutations can lead to constitutive TcpP activity, impacting virulence and colonization potential.