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Identifying Psychopathy Subtypes Using a Broader Model of Personality: An Investigation of the Five Factor Model
Diana M Falkenbach1, Ellen E Reinhard2, Marissa Zappala1
1John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
|March 5, 2019
Summary
This study found that primary and secondary psychopathy subtypes can be identified using the Five Factor Model of personality. These subtypes differ in key personality traits, supporting a dimensional view of psychopathy.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Personality Science
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Psychopathy is often viewed as heterogeneous with primary and secondary subtypes.
- Previous research focused on psychopathy-specific traits.
- Recent perspectives suggest psychopathy may represent extreme variations in normative personality traits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine psychopathy subtypes using the Five Factor Model (FFM).
- To investigate if normative personality traits can differentiate psychopathy subtypes.
- To explore the dimensional nature of psychopathy.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a model-based cluster analysis on a college sample.
- Applied the Five Factor Model (FFM) domains from the NEO-PI-R.
- Focused on individuals scoring in the highest third of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI)-Total.
Main Results:
- A two-cluster solution emerged, corresponding to primary and secondary psychopathy.
- Significant differences were observed between clusters in Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Openness, and Extraversion.
- Associated traits like aggression and anxiety aligned with existing subtyping research.
Conclusions:
- Results support the existence of psychopathy variants in non-offending populations.
- Findings provide evidence for the dimensionality of psychopathy, rather than a purely categorical approach.
- Normative personality traits effectively differentiate psychopathy subtypes, with implications for etiology, treatment, and risk assessment.
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