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Epigenetic Regulation in Kidney Toxicity: Insights From Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity

Xiaohong Xiang1, Chunyuan Guo2, Chengyuan Tang1

  • 1Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Seminars in Nephrology
|March 5, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Epigenetic changes play a key role in cisplatin nephrotoxicity, contributing to kidney damage. Further research into these epigenetic alterations could lead to new diagnostic tools and treatments for kidney disease.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Toxicology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Nephrotoxicity, caused by toxins, is a major factor in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease progression.
  • Cisplatin is a well-established nephrotoxic agent, frequently studied for its kidney damaging effects.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs, are increasingly recognized in the pathogenesis of kidney toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetic alterations in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
  • To highlight the specific epigenetic changes, their functions, and mechanisms in kidney toxicity.
  • To underscore the potential of epigenetic research for developing novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for kidney diseases.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on epigenetic regulation in kidney toxicity.
  • The focus is on cisplatin nephrotoxicity as a model to illustrate epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Literature search and analysis of studies investigating DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs in cisplatin-induced kidney injury.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic dysregulation, encompassing DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, is a significant contributor to cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
  • These epigenetic alterations influence gene expression and cellular pathways involved in kidney damage.
  • Understanding these mechanisms provides a foundation for exploring new therapeutic avenues.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic regulation is a critical factor in the development and progression of cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
  • The field of epigenetic regulation in kidney toxicity is emerging, with significant potential for future discoveries.
  • Further investigation into epigenetic mechanisms holds promise for identifying new biomarkers and developing innovative treatments for nephrotoxicity and related kidney diseases.
Keywords:
DNA methylationEpigeneticcisplatin nephrotoxicityhistone modificationnoncoding RNAs

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