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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Auditory Perception01:17

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

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G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve
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Ossicle Coupling Active Implantable Auditory Devices: Magnetic Driven System.

C Y Joseph Chang1

  • 1Texas Ear Center, 7900 Fannin, Suite 1800, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|March 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active auditory implants like Maxum offer better hearing than hearing aids for severe hearing loss. Patients with a significant speech perception gap (SPG) and PB Max of 60% or higher may be candidates for this middle ear implant.

Keywords:
Cochlear hearing potentialImplantable hearing deviceMEIMaxumMiddle ear implantSpeech perception gap

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Audiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Hearing aids are insufficient for some patients with moderate to severe hearing loss.
  • The speech perception gap (SPG) quantifies inadequate hearing aid performance.
  • Active middle ear implants offer an alternative for patients not reaching their auditory potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of the Maxum active auditory implant.
  • To identify patient criteria for successful Maxum implantation.
  • To compare Maxum implant performance against traditional hearing aids.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Maxum active middle ear implant.
  • Assessed hearing function and speech perception.
  • Defined and measured the speech perception gap (SPG) using PB Max and word recognition scores.
  • Identified candidate criteria including PB Max score and SPG.

Main Results:

  • The Maxum implant significantly improved hearing function compared to hearing aids.
  • Superior high-frequency gain from the Maxum implant addresses significant SPG.
  • Patients with PB Max of 60% or greater and SPG are suitable candidates.

Conclusions:

  • Active auditory implants, specifically the Maxum, are effective for moderate to severe hearing loss.
  • The Maxum implant offers superior performance for patients with significant SPG.
  • PB Max 60% or greater with SPG identifies potential candidates for the Maxum implant.